
Hard water often proves unsuitable for many industrial and domestic purposes. When we refer to water as ‘hard,’ we mean it contains excess calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions compared to normal water. We classify carbonate hardness as temporary hardness and non-carbonate hardness as permanent hardness. The hardness of the water increases as more calcium and magnesium ions dissolve. These ions originate from limestone sediments and carbon dioxide present in all waters exposed to the atmosphere, especially groundwater. The simplest way to soften hard water is through the ion exchange process.

Softening uses the ion exchange process, typically performed with resin, to remove hardness (calcium and magnesium) from water. This method is common and easy for utility purposes. Ion exchange involves exchanging undesirable ions for more desirable ones. During the softening process, raw water with hardness passes through a bed of cation resin in sodium form. The resin takes up the hardness ions, Ca and Mg, while releasing sodium ions in exchange. This process, known as the service cycle, softens the hard water.
Ca (HCO3)2 + Na2 R = RCa + NaHCO3
CaSO4 + Na2 R = RCa + Na2SO4MgCl2 + Na2
R = RMg + NaCl
Raw water continues to get softened until the resin becomes exhausted. Regenerating the resin returns it to its original form. We regenerate the softener resin using a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, commonly known as table salt. We keep the salt solution in the regeneration tank. During the regeneration process, the ejector tube injects the salt solution into the softener. The NaCl replaces the Ca and Mg (hardness) ions on the resin. We perform regeneration daily, every few days, or weekly, depending on the usage and design of the water softener plant.
RCa + NaCl = RNa + CaCl2
RMg + NaCl = RNa + MgCl2
Our NATSOFT water softener plants consist of mild steel, stainless steel, or FRP pressure vessels, a regeneration tank, an ejector assembly, and frontal piping work with manual or automatic multi-port valves, butterfly valves, or conventional valves for easy operation and control. We offer these systems with capacities ranging from 1,000 liters per hour to 1,000,000 liters per day.
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